Harmful Algal Blooms

Cyano- bacteria cell

Cyanobacteria live in rivers, lakes, and marine waters around the world. Despite their other name, blue-green algae, they’re actually photosynthetic bacteria. They're single-celled organisms, but some species organize to form long, thin filaments.

Filament

HABs

Cyanobacteria can quickly multiply, especially in warm, nutrient-rich waters, to form harmful algal blooms (HABs) ranging from blue-green to red to brown in color. Besides choking out other aquatic life, HABs can produce toxins called cyanotoxins. Here are some of the most common types.

Toxins

Slime coat

Genetic material

CYANOBACTERIA CELL

Cell Wall

Damaged cyanobacteria cells can release cyanotoxins into the water, so it's important for water utilities to remove both the cells and any free-floating toxins. Treatment strategies can vary depending on the toxin, how much was released versus still in the bacteria, and public health targets.

HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS